Proteinase 3 depletion attenuates leukemia by promoting myeloid differentiation.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that have impaired differentiation can transform into leukemic blasts. However, the mechanism that controls differentiation remains elusive. Here, we show that the genetic elimination of Proteinase 3 (PRTN3) in mice led to spontaneous myeloid differentiation. Mechanistically, our findings indicate that PRTN3 interacts with the N-terminal of STAT3, serving as a negative regulator of STAT3-dependent myeloid differentiation. Specifically, PRTN3 promotes STAT3 ubiquitination and degradation, while simultaneously reducing STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation during G-CSF-stimulated myeloid differentiation. Strikingly, pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 (Stattic) partially counteracted the effects of PRTN3 deficiency on myeloid differentiation. Moreover, the deficiency of PRTN3 in primary AML blasts promotes the differentiation of those cells into functional neutrophils capable of chemotaxis and phagocytosis, ultimately resulting in improved overall survival rates for recipients. These findings indicate PRTN3 exerts an inhibitory effect on STAT3-dependent myeloid differentiation and could be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

L-shaped association between lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio with hyperuricemia: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Insufficient attention has been given to examining the correlation between body composition and hyperuricemia, leading to inconsistent findings. The primary objective of this research is to explore the association between lean body mass index (LMI), visceral fat mass index (VFMI), and hyperuricemia. A specific emphasis will be placed on assessing the link between the ratio of lean body mass to visceral fat mass (LMI/VFMI) and hyperuricemia. METHODS: The present study employed a cross-sectional design and involved a total of 9,646 individuals who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). To explore the associations among the variables, logistic and linear regressions were employed. Additionally, subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted based on various characteristics. RESULTS: The results showed that LMI was positively associated with hyperuricemia (for Per-SD: OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.75, 2.01; for quartiles [Q4:Q1]: OR = 5.37, 95%CI: 4.31, 6.69). Meanwhile, VFMI showed a positive association with hyperuricemia (for Per-SD: OR = 2.02, 95%CI: 1.88, 2.16; for quartiles [Q4:Q1]: OR =8.37, 95%CI: 6.70, 10.47). When considering the effects of In LMI/VFMI, an L-shaped negative association with hyperuricemia was observed (for Per-SD: OR = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.42, 0.49; for quartiles [Q4:Q1]: OR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.20). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of this association across different subgroups. Additionally, the segmented regression analysis indicated a saturation effect of 5.64 for the In LMI/VFMI with hyperuricemia (OR = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.24). For every 2.72-fold increase of In LMI/VFMI, the risk of hyperuricemia was reduced by 80%. CONCLUSION: The LMI/VFMI ratio is non-linearly associated with serum uric acid. Whether this association is causal needs to be confirmed in further longitudinal studies or Mendelian randomization.

Thrombectomy for delayed thromboembolism in a recurrent cerebral aneurysm previously treated with coiling: A case report.

RATIONALE: Giant intracranial aneurysms pose a significant threat due to high mortality rates upon rupture, prompting interventions such as neurosurgical clipping or endovascular coiling. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present a rare case involving a 47-year-old female with a history of successfully treated ruptured giant intracranial aneurysms. Six months post-surgical clipping, she developed symptoms of acute ischemic stroke, prompting the decision for neurosurgical coiling and stent-assisted aneurysm coil embolization due to recurrent intracranial aneurysms. DIAGNOSES: Subsequently, occlusion occurred at the previously implanted stent site during embolization, necessitating exploration of alternative therapeutic options. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed stent occlusion in the right middle cerebral artery. INTERVENTIONS: Despite an initial unsuccessful attempt using a direct aspiration first-pass technique, the patient underwent successful mechanical thrombectomy with a retrievable stent, leading to successful reperfusion. This study aims to highlight the challenges and therapeutic strategies in managing delayed cerebral vascular occlusion following stent-assisted coil embolization, emphasizing the significance of exploring alternative interventions to enhance patient outcomes. OUTCOMES: The patient achieved successful reperfusion, and the study underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing delayed cerebral vascular occlusion after stent-assisted coil embolization for recurrent cerebral aneurysms. LESSONS: Our findings suggest that retrievable stent mechanical thrombectomy may serve as a viable therapeutic option in challenging scenarios, emphasizing the need for further exploration of alternative interventions to enhance patient care.

Zero-dimensional hybrid tin halides with stable broadband light emissions.

Considering the instability and toxicity of 3D Pb-based perovskite nanocrystals, lead-free low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides have attracted widespread attention as potential substitutes. Herein, two new tin-based 0D halides [H4BAPP]SnBr5·Br and [H4BAPP]SnCl5·Cl·H2O (BAPP = 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine) were synthesized successfully based on [SnX5]3- as an emission center. Typically, [H4BAPP]SnBr5·Br and [H4BAPP]SnCl5·Cl·H2O display broadband yellow and yellow-green light emissions originating from the radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons (STEs). The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the two compounds were calculated to be 19.27% and 2.36%, respectively. Furthermore, the excellent chemical and thermal stability and broadband light emissions reveal their potential application in solid-state white lighting diodes.

Exploring 0D lead-free metal halide with highly efficient blue light emission and high-sensitivity photodetection.

Environmentally friendly and highly efficient blue luminescent materials are an unremitting pursuit in the optoelectronic field. Herein, we assembled a new 0D lead-free metal halide of (F-PPA)ZnBr4, which exhibits narrow blue light emission with a remarkable PLQY of 50.15%, high stability and high detection sensitivity toward UV light. These results indicate the potential for the application of low-dimensional zinc-based halides in multiple optoelectronic devices.

Nanotube ferroelectric tunnel junctions with an ultrahigh tunneling electroresistance ratio.

Low-dimensional ferroelectric tunnel junctions are appealing for the realization of nanoscale nonvolatile memory devices due to their inherent advantages of device miniaturization. Those based on current mechanisms have limitations, including low tunneling electroresistance (TER) effects and complex heterostructures. Here, we introduce an entirely new TER mechanism to construct a nanotube ferroelectric tunnel junction with ferroelectric nanotubes as the tunneling region. When rolling a ferroelectric monolayer into a nanotube, due to the coexistence of its intrinsic ferroelectric polarization with the flexoelectric polarization induced by bending, a metal-insulator transition occurs depending on the radiative polarization states. For the pristine monolayer, its out-of-plane polarization is tunable by an in-plane electric field, and the conducting states of the ferroelectric nanotube can thus be tuned between metallic and insulating states via axial electric means. Using α-In2Se3 as an example, our first-principles density functional theory calculations and nonequilibrium Green's function formalism confirm the feasibility of the TER mechanism and indicate an ultrahigh TER ratio that exceeds 9.9 × 1010% of the proposed nanotube ferroelectric tunnel junctions. Our findings provide a promising approach based on simple homogeneous structures for high density ferroelectric microelectric devices with excellent ON/OFF performance.

Regulation of secondary metabolites in the endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. KMU18029 by the chemical epigenetic modifier 5-azacitidine.

The chemical epigenetic modifier 5-azacitidine (5-Aza C), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, was used to manipulate the endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. KMU18029. From its rice fermentation extract, a new polyketone compound (3S,4R)-3,4,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), along with 13 known compounds, 3,4,8-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (2), decaturin B (3), 15-hydroxydecaturin A (4), oxalicine A (5), pileotin A (6), pyrandecarurin A (7), decaturenol A (8), decaturenoid (9), penisarins A (10), oxaline (11), (4E,8E)-N-D-2'-hydroxyocta-decanoyl-1-O-ß-D-glycopy-ranosyl-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine (12), ergosterol (13) and stigma-5-en-3-O-ß-glucoside (14), were separated. Among the known compounds, 2, 7, 12 and 14 were not found in our previous research on this strain. The structure of the new compound was identified by spectroscopic techniques such as HR-ESIMS, 1D NMR, 2D NMR and CD. Furthermore, all the isolated compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activities, and only compounds 1, 2 and 11 showed weak activities against S. aureus, with MICs of 128 µg/mL.

Fungal polyketides produced by an endophytic fungus Phoma sp. associated with Gastrodia elata.

Two novel fungal polyketides, phometides A (1) and B (2), together with four known compounds (3-6), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Phoma sp. YUD17001 obtained from Gastrodia elata Blume. The structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses, X-ray crystal diffraction, and time-dependent density functional theory/electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT/ECD) calculations. Structurally, phometide A (1) represented the first example of C12 polyketide characterized by an unusual tetrahydrobenzofuran-3(2H)-one core with an α,ß-unsaturated ketone functionality, while phometide B (2) was an unprecedented molecule containing a 2-pentylcycloheptan-1-one scaffold. In an antimicrobial activity assay, phometide A (1) exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 4 µg/mL. Phometide B (2) showed moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans with an MIC value of 16 µg/mL. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities.

Association between the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and coronary artery calcification: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR), a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, has garnered significant attention in scientific research. Several studies have investigated the correlation between IR and coronary artery calcification (CAC), yielding varying results. In light of this, we conducted a systematic review to investigate the association between IR as evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and CAC. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. In addition, preprint servers such as Research Square, BioRxiv, and MedRxiv were manually searched. The collected data were analyzed using either fixed or random effects models, depending on the heterogeneity observed among the studies. The assessment of the body of evidence was performed using the GRADE approach to determine its quality. Results: The current research incorporated 15 studies with 60,649 subjects. The analysis revealed that a higher category of HOMA-IR was associated with a greater prevalence of CAC in comparison to the lowest HOMA-IR category, with an OR of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.06-1.20, I2 = 29%, P < 0.001). A similar result was reached when HOMA-IR was analyzed as a continuous variable (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.41, I2 = 54%, P < 0.001). In terms of CAC progression, a pooled analysis of two cohort studies disclosed a significant association between increased HOMA-IR levels and CAC progression, with an OR of 1.44 (95% CI: 1.04-2.01, I2 = 21%, P < 0.05). It is important to note that the strength of the evidence was rated as low for the prevalence of CAC and very low for the progression of CAC. Conclusion: There is evidence to suggest that a relatively high HOMA-IR may be linked with an increased prevalence and progression of CAC.

Association between lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio and bone mineral density in United States population: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Studies have explored the correlation between body composition and bone mineral density (BMD), but there has yet to be a consensus. Thus, the present study aims to comprehensively investigate the association between lean body mass, adipose tissue, and BMD. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2011-2018) with 11,227 subjects. Multiple linear regression, smoothed curve fitting, threshold, and saturation effect analysis were used to explore the association between lean body mass, visceral fat mass, and BMD. Also, we used the lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio (Log LM/VFM) as a proxy variable to analyze its association with BMD alone. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the results showed a positive correlation between lean mass and total BMD (for continuous: ß = 0.078, P < 0.001; for quartile: ß = 0.138, P < 0.001), while visceral fat mass was negatively correlated (for continuous: ß = -0.027, P < 0.001; for quartile: ß = -0.065, P < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed when the alternative variable Log LM/VFM was analyzed separately for its association with BMD (for continuous: ß = 0.034, P < 0.001; for quartile: ß = 0.084, P < 0.001). In addition, subgroup analyses for gender, age, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes showed that all subgroups except the diabetes subgroup showed a substantial degree of robustness (P < 0.05). The smoothed curve fitting showed a nonlinear relationship between Log LM/VFM and BMD, and there was a threshold effect with a critical value of 2.60. CONCLUSION: Maintaining a proper ratio of lean body mass and visceral fat mass is beneficial for increasing BMD.

Effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2)and ozone (O3)concentrations on ectoenzyme activities in rice rhizospheric soil.

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) concentrations are the main global change drivers. Soil ectoenzymes play an important role in maintaining soil ecosystem services. Exploring the responses of soil ectoenzymes to elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations is important for combating global climate change. In this study, we simulated elevated CO2 concentrations (+200 µmol·mol-1, eCO2), elevated O3 concentrations (0.04 µmol·mol-1, eO3), and their combination (eCO2+eO3) in open-top chambers (OTCs), and investigated the responses of rhizospheric soil ectoenzyme activities. The results showed that eCO2 significantly increased the ß-D-Glucosidase (ßG) activity by 73.0%, and decreased that of polyphenol oxidase (PHO), peroxidase (PEO), and acid phosphatase (AP) by 48.9%, 46.6% and 72.9% respectively, but did not affect that of cellulose hydrolase (CBH) and ß-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (NAG). eO3 significantly reduced the activities of CBH and AP by 34.2% and 30.4%, respectively. The activities of PHO and AP were reduced by 87.3% and 32.3% under the eCO2+eO3 compared with the control, respectively. Results of the principal coordinate analysis, permutation multivariate analysis of variance and redundancy analysis showed that both elevated CO2 and O3 significantly affected soil ectoenzyme activities, with stronger effects of elevated CO2 than elevated O3. Root nitrogen content, root carbon to nitrogen ratio, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrate nitrogen were the main drivers of soil ectoenzyme activities under elevated CO2 and O3. Elevated O3 could partially neutralize the effects of elevated CO2 on soil ectoenzyme activities. In conclusion, elevated CO2 and O3 restrained the activities of most soil ectoenzyme, suggesting that climate change would threat soil ecosystem services and functions in the agroecosystem.

Anticipated correlation between lean body mass to visceral fat mass ratio and insulin resistance: NHANES 2011-2018.

Objective: The relationship between body composition and insulin resistance (IR) is controversial. This study aimed to thoroughly examine the correlation between adipose tissue, lean body mass, and IR as evaluated by the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2018. Our study included 4981 subjects, and we employed multiple linear regression, smoothed curve fitting, threshold, and saturation effect analysis to investigate the relationship between lean body mass, visceral fat mass, and IR. Also, we used the lean body mass to visceral fat ratio (Log LM/VFM) as a proxy variable to analyze its association with IR alone. Results: The study discovered a negative link between lean body mass and IR, but the visceral fat mass was positively correlated after correcting for covariates. A negative correlation was observed when the alternative variable Log LM/VFM was analyzed separately for its association with IR. This association was present regardless of whether the exposure variables were analyzed as continuous or categorical. The data analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between Log LM/VFM and IR, as evidenced by the generalized additive model. In addition, a threshold effect with a critical value of 1.80 and a saturation effect with a critical point of 2.5 were also observed. Further subgroup analysis for sex, age, BMI, active levels, hypertension, and diabetes showed considerable robustness between the relationship of Log LM/VFM and IR. Conclusion: Maintaining a proper ratio of lean body mass and visceral fat is beneficial for decreasing IR.

CAT Interruption as a Protective Factor in Chinese Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is the third most common type of spinocerebellar ataxias in China. CAT interruptions in the pathogenic alleles of SCA1 patients had only been reported by limited documents and there was a lack of data based on the Chinese population. In this study, we detected CAT interrupted pathogenic alleles in SCA1 patients from 4 out of 79 (5.1%) Chinese families. Their total CAG repeats were larger (median 58 vs. 47, p < 0.001) but ages at onset were later (median 46 vs. 38, p = 0.020). The longest uninterrupted CAG repeats could explain 65.4% of the AAO variance, making an increase of 28.0% compared to the total CAG repeats. The interruption pattern was greatly different between Chinese cohort and Caucasian cohort, indicating the effect of race.

MicroRNA-188-5p inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and migration by targeting forkhead box N2.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the biological functions, expression modes, and possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and MicroRNA-188-5p (miR-188) dysregulation using cell lines. METHODS: A decrease in miR-188 was detected in low and high metastatic HCC cells compared to that in normal hepatic cells and non-invasive cell lines. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed in vitro to investigate the role of miR-188 in cancer cell (Hep3B, HepG2, HLF, and LM3) proliferation and migration. RESULTS: miR-188 mimic transfection inhibited the proliferation of metastatic HLF and LM3 cells but not non-invasive HepG2 and Hep3B cells; nonetheless, miR-188 suppression promoted the growth of HLF and LM3 cells. miR-188 upregulation inhibited the migratory rate and invasive capacity of HLF and LM3, rather than HepG2 and Hep3B cells, whereas transfection of a miR-188 inhibitor in HLF and LM3 cells had the opposite effects. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and bioinformatics prediction confirmed that miR-188 could directly target forkhead box N2 (FOXN2) in HLF and LM3 cells. Transfection of miR-188 mimics reduced FOXN2 levels, whereas miR-188 inhibition resulted in the opposite result, in HLF and LM3 cells. Overexpression of FOXN2 in HLF and LM3 cells abrogated miR-188 mimic-induced downregulation of proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, we found that miR-188 upregulation impaired tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study showed thatmiR-188 inhibits the proliferation and migration of metastatic HCC cells by targeting FOXN2.

Confining Co-Based Nanocatalysts by Ultrathin Nanotubes for Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass Derivatives.

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) based on non-noble-metal catalysts has emerged as an environmentally friendly way for the utilization of biomass resources. However, the development of efficient and stable non-noble-metal catalysts is crucially challenging due to their inherent inactivity. Herein, a metal-organic framework (MOF)-transformed CoAl nanotube catalyst (CoAl NT160-H) with unique confinement effect was developed via a "MOF transformation and reduction" strategy, which exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the CTH reaction of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) with isopropanol (2-PrOH) as the H donor. Comprehensive characterizations and experimental investigations uncovered that the confined effect of the ultrathin amorphous Al2O3 nanotubes could modulate the electronic structure and enhance the Lewis acidity of Co nanoparticles (NPs), thus contributing to the adsorption and activation of LA and 2-PrOH. The synergy between the electropositive Co NPs and Lewis acid-base sites of the CoAl NT160-H catalyst facilitated the transfer of α-H in 2-PrOH to the C atom of carbonyl in LA during the CTH process via a Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley mechanism. Moreover, the confined Co NPs embedded on am-Al2O3 nanotubes endowed the CoAl NT160-H catalyst with superior stability and the catalytic activity was nearly unchanged for at least ten cycles, far surpassing that of the Co/am-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by the traditional impregnation method.

Transient inhibition of mitochondrial function by chrysin and apigenin prolong longevity via mitohormesis in C. elegans.

Mild inhibition of mitochondrial function leads to longevity. Genetic disruption of mitochondrial respiratory components either by mutation or RNAi greatly extends the lifespan in yeast, worms, and drosophila. This has given rise to the idea that pharmacologically inhibiting mitochondrial function would be a workable strategy for postponing aging. Toward this end, we used a transgenic worm strain that expresses the firefly luciferase enzyme widely to evaluate compounds by tracking real-time ATP levels. We identified chrysin and apigenin, which reduced ATP production and increased the lifespan of worms. Mechanistically, we discovered that chrysin and apigenin transiently inhibit mitochondrial respiration and induce an early ROS, and the lifespan-extending effect is dependent on transient ROS formation. We also show that AAK-2/AMPK, DAF-16/FOXO, and SKN-1/NRF-2 are required for chrysin or apigenin-mediated lifespan extension. Temporary increases in ROS levels trigger an adaptive response in a mitohormetic way, thereby increasing oxidative stress capacity and cellular metabolic adaptation, finally leading to longevity. Thus, chrysin and apigenin represent a class of compounds isolated from natural products that delay senescence and improve age-related diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial function and shed new light on the function of additional plant-derived polyphenols in enhancing health and delaying aging. Collectively, this work provides an avenue for pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial function and the mechanism underlining their lifespan-extending properties.

Nutrients and rheumatoid arthritis: From the perspective of neutrophils.

Neutrophils are considered as core immune cells involve in the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and participate in the disease progression. The underlining mechanisms include the elevated chemotaxis and infiltration of neutrophils, the increase in the reactive oxygen species and the promotion of neutrophil extracellular traps formation. Accumulating studies demonstrated the important role of nutrients intake played in the initiation and progression of RA. This study summarized the effects of several macronutrients and micronutrients on regulating RA through the modulation of activated neutrophils and appealed for a healthy diet in RA-risk individuals as well as RA patients.

Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and arterial stiffness: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown a strong association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple marker of insulin resistance, and various metabolic diseases. We performed a systematic review of the interaction between the TyG index and arterial stiffness. METHODS: Relevant observational studies assessing the association between the TyG index and arterial stiffness were thoroughly searched in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, and a manual search of the preprint server was conducted. A random-effects model was utilized to analyze the data. The risk of bias for the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A pooled effect size estimate with a random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen observational studies comprising 48,332 subjects were included. Of these, 2 were prospective cohort studies, and the remaining 11 were cross-sectional studies. According to the results of the analysis, the risk of developing high arterial stiffness was 1.85 times greater for those in the highest TyG index subgroup versus the lowest group (risk ratio [RR]: 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.54-2.33, I2 = 70%, P < .001). Consistent results were observed when the index was analyzed as a continuous variable (RR: 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.32-1.61, I2 = 77%, P < .001). A sensitivity analysis excluding each of the studies one by one yielded similar results (RRs for categorical variables: 1.67-1.94, P all <.001; RRs for continuous variables: 1.37-1.48, P all <.001). A subgroup analysis showed that different characteristics of the study subjects, such as type of study design, age, population, disease status, (including hypertension and diabetes), and pulse wave velocity measurement methods had no substantial effect on the results (P for subgroup analysis, all >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A relatively high TyG index might be linked to an increased incidence of arterial stiffness.

Bioactive sorbicillinoids from a rhizospheric soil-derived Paecilomyces sp. KMU21009.

A new hybrid sorbicillinoid named paeciureallin (1) and a new monomeric sorbicillinoid named paecillyketide (2), along with six known analogues (3-8), were isolated from the rhizospheric soil-derived fungus Paecilomyces sp. KMU21009 associated with Delphinium yunnanense. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature values. Paeciureallin (1) is the first example of hybrid sorbicillinoids possessing a rare sorbicillinoid urea unit and containing a ß-D-ribofuranose functionality. In pharmacological studies, compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for in vitro anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. Paeciureallin (1) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against SW480 and A549 cell lines, and the IC50 values were 32.0 ± 0.1 and 34.4 ± 2.0 µM, respectively.